Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence is the concept used to describe computer systems that are able to learn from their experience and solve complex problems in different situations  (Authority, 2018). Abilities we previously thought were unique to mankind. And It’s data in many cases personal data, that fuels that systems, enabling them to learn and become inelligence.

The concept of AI  was known as far back as in the 1950s as a technology in which people had high hopes of success (Dahria, 2008). The Initial progress was made was however followed by many decades that are often called the AI winter because the early expectations were not made.

Today we see that AI is used to solve specific tasks such as for example image and speech recognition, self driving cars, boston dynamics, navigation system, ASIMO, chatbots, human and computer games and many more. Also AI can make everyday life easier by helping with the task such as cleaning, shopping, and transportation.

In application of AI there are many achievements using AI techniques surpass human capabilities – in 1997, a computer programme defeated the reigning world chess champion, and more recently, in 2016, other computer programmes have beaten the world’s best Go [an ancient Chinese board game] players and some top poker players. Computers are proving, or helping to prove, mathematical theorems; knowledge is being automatically constructed from huge masses of data, in terabytes (1012 bytes), or even petabytes (1015 bytes), using machine learning techniques (Courier, 2018). As a result, machines can recognize speech and transcribe it – just like typists did in the past. Computers can accurately identify faces or fingerprints from among tens of millions, or understand texts written in natural languages. Using machine learning techniques, cars drive themselves; machines are better than dermatologists at diagnosing melanomas using photographs of skin moles taken with mobile phone cameras; robots are fighting wars instead of humans (see p. 25-28); and factory production lines are becoming increasingly automated. Scientists are also using AI techniques to determine the function of certain biological macromolecules, especially proteins and genomes, from the sequences of their constituents – amino acids for proteins, bases for genomes. More generally, all the sciences are undergoing a major epistemological rupture with in silico experiments – named so because they are carried out by computers from massive quantities of data, using powerful processors whose cores are made of silicon. In this way, they differ from in vivo experiments, performed on living matter, and above all, from in vitro experiments, carried out in glass test-tubes. Today, AI applications affect almost all fields of activity – particularly in the industry, banking, insurance, health and defence sectors. Several routine tasks are now automated, transforming many trades and eventually eliminating some and many advantages can describes about AI.

Now, how does artificial intellegence work? there are two mains aspects of artificial intelligence that are particular relevance (Authority, 2018). The first is that the software itself can make decisions and the second is that the system develops by learning from experience. In order for a computer to learn, it needs experience, and it’s obtains this experience from the informations that we feed into it. If system is sought that will only perform image recognitions and analysis, the experiental data input will naturally enough consist of images. For other tasks the input data will consist of text , speech, or numbers.

The AI spring has dawned thanks to the availability of huge amounts of data, coupled with an increase in processing power and access to cheaper and greater storage capacity. Big Data often refers to vast volumes of data, extracted from multiple sources, often in real time.4 These enormous data streams can be utilised for the benefit of society by means of analysis and finding patterns and connections.

This is where AI can make a difference. While traditional analytical methods need to be programmed to find connections and links, AI learns from all the data it sees. Computer systems can therefore respond continuously to new data and adjust their analyses without human intervention.

Sources

Authority, T. N. (2018). Artificial Intelligence And Privacy. Norwegia: Datatilsynet: The Norwegian Data Protection Authority.

Courier, T. U. (2018). Artificial Intelligence: The Promises and The Threats. The Unesco Courier, 9.

Dahria, M. (2008). Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intellegence). LPPM STMIK TRIGUNA DHARMA, 187.